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Experimentation Essay Example for Free

Experimentation Essay Cell Transport Mechanisms and Permeability: Activity 2: Simulated Facilitated Diffusion Lab Report Pre-lab Quiz Results You scored 100% by noting 4 out of 4 inquiries effectively. 1. Atoms need a bearer protein to assist them with moving over a layer since You accurately replied: d. they are lipid insoluble or they are excessively huge. 2. Which of coming up next is valid for encouraged dissemination? You effectively replied: c. Development is uninvolved and down a focus inclination. 3. Instances of solutes that may require encouraged dispersion incorporate You effectively replied: d. the entirety of the above.Which of the accompanying would not influence the pace of encouraged dissemination? You accurately replied: a. the measure of intracellular ATP 08/30/12 page 1 Experiment Results Predict Question: Predict Question 1: What impact do you figure expanding the quantity of protein bearers will have on the glucose transport rate? Your answer : a. The glucose transport rate will diminish. For encouraged dissemination, expanding the grouping of glucose on one side of the layer is equivalent to You effectively replied: b. making the focus slope more extreme 3. At the point when the entirety of the layer bearers are locked in, or occupied, we state they are You accurately replied: a. immersed. Â Na+ Cl-had no impact on glucose transport since You effectively replied: b. malice isn't required for glucose transport in the reenactment. 08/30/12 page 3 Review Sheet Results 1. Clarify one manner by which encouraged dissemination is equivalent to straightforward dispersion and one manner by which it is not quite the same as basic dissemination. Your answer: Simple diffussion moves atoms from a zone of higher focus to bring down without a contribution of vitality. encouraged keeps a similar standard yet utilizes protein transporter atoms to permit substance that are fat solubles to diffuse through the cell layer. The bigger worth got when more glucose bearers were available relates to an expansion in the pace of glucose transport. Clarify why the rate expanded. How very much did the outcomes contrast and your expectation? Your answer: My forecast wasn't right the glucose transport rate would expand 3. Clarify your forecast for the impact Na+ Cl-may have on glucose transport. As it were, clarify why you picked the decision that you did. How very much did the outcomes contrast and your expectation? Your answer: The rate should remain ther same 08/30/12 page 4

Discuss the Economic Advantages and Disadvantages to the Uk of Participation in the

Talk about the financial points of interest and impediments to the UK of support in the European single money (Euro). Will British organizations be better or more awful off if the nation chooses to partake? Presentation of Euro in the world’s money related association is an achievement. Eleven nations would make EMU toward the start, presently there is a long line to participate in EMU. The vast majority of the EMU individuals get more preferred position at that point inconvenience to participate in Euro. Euro makes an enormous market in the Eurozone. Three center individuals from EU (Great Britain, Sweden Denmark) still pass on European single cash. Numerous European nations are extremely eager to participate in EU, some of them chose to execute European rate system 2 (ERM-2). In the event that Britain acknowledge euro, at that point the nation presents both bit of leeway and weakness. Efficiency and expectation for everyday comforts will increment if Britain participates in Euro. On the off chance that they won't go along with, they have opportunity to fall further behind. European Union European Union is the association of twenty-seven nations. The greater part of the individuals from European Union come to participate in EU from European Continent. The source of European Union related with establishment of European coal and steel network. Bargains of Rome or Schuman assertion shaped European Economic Commission. Both these bodies are basic pieces of European Union. Rome settlement marked in 1957 for making European Economic Community (EEC). Belgium, France, Netherlands, Luxemburg, West Germany and Italy are the center six individuals from EEC. During that period, West Germany and Netherlands constructed nexus among them by the assistance of European Steel and Coal Community. Among the six nations of EEC, they permitted free development of work and capital. Unhindered commerce additionally permitted. They abrogated interior levies among them and set outer duties. In growth stage, UK, Denmark and Ireland become individual from EEC. Greece, Spain and Portugal participated in EEC in 1981 and 1986 individually. After this expansion stage, the commission president Jacquas Delors marked single European act. In 1992, the Maastricht settlement marked to build up European Union. As indicated by Sloman and Sutcliffe (2004, p. 563) â€Å"May 2004 imprints the most recent extension, with 10 new individuals joining. These are Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Solvakia and Solvenia†. European single cash: Euro is the single money among the nations that remember for European Union. Different nations additionally receive the single monetary forms. In 1932, the administrator of German Bank Hans F? rstenberg gave the thought regarding European money to set up European national bank. The thought came about euro money among the nations before Second World War. Thought of European coordination got more grounded after Second World War. Some successive episodes occur after the war. In 1950, the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSE) built up, Rome bargain marked in 1957 and simultaneously, European Economic Community shaped. Rome arrangement and Economic Community both cleared the way for euro to lunch. European money related framework built up for full fiscal help in 1979. As indicated by Solman and Sutcliffe (2004, p. 741) â€Å"Details of the way towards EMU were concluded in the Maastricht bargain, which was marked in February 1992. The timetable for EMU included adjustment of a solitary cash by 1999 at the latest†. Subsequently, Maastricht arrangement cleared the way for euro simpler. Prior to joining the euro cash, every nation satisfied five models, which set by the European national Bank. The eleven individuals from EU out of fifteen could satisfy the rules and participated in Euro. Sweden and Greece couldn't satisfy the models. Later 2001, Greece participated in Euro. Euro came in to the market on 1 January of 1999 yet the monetary order and coin were presented 2002. National money of the European nations pulled back from advertise due to present euro notes and coin. Street to EMU European Monetary Union proposed by Delors board report. The way to EMU depicted in three stages. Stage 1: Remove the whole exchange boundary inward market including capital controls among the nations. Improved coordination from various nations in the financial and fiscal approach. Stage 2: European Monetary Institute (EMI) set up. EMI checked macroeconomic union of individuals as per Maastricht arrangement. In that stage, commission arranged strategic and association structure for ECB. Stage 3: In that stage, Union fixed the conversion standard, euro presented as a solitary money. European Monetary Institute supplanted by foundation of European Central Bank. Bit of leeway of Single Currency Several favorable circumstances merits, on the off chance that one nation participate to the single cash, for example, taking out exchange cost, keep away from swapping scale vulnerability, increment straightforwardness of cost, increment validity of money related association. All the individual from European Union gets equivalent chance and advantages. The nations get advantage on account of changing over monetary standards. Each European Countries have separate money. At the point when anybody changing over the cash of any European nation in to another European country’s money then the changing over cost included each time. On the off chance that we utilized single money, we can undoubtedly limit the changing over expense. As indicated by Solman and Sutcliffe (2004, p. 742) â€Å"the European commission assessed that the impact was to build the GDP of the nations worried by a normal of just 0. 4 percent†. Joined territory of America whose have 51 states with one single money. They get advantage of single money in their market. Euro cash allows to European nation to make an enormous single market. Estimating distinction expanded in showcase on the off chance that we can't utilize single money. Evaluating relies upon pace of monetary standards. Subsequently, we get same item in various cost because of various pace of various monetary forms. Single money expanded the straightforwardness of item cost. Put expanded in euro zone in light of the fact that there is one single money accessible. As per Solman and Sutcliffe (2004, p. 42) â€Å"investment from the remainder of the world is pulled in to an euro zone of more than 300 million occupants, where there is no dread of inward money movements†. Travel gets simpler because of euro. There is no problem in changing over monetary forms. No time squander during make a trip because of single money which utilized in wherever in euro zone. As indicated by Solman and Sutcliffe (2004, p. 743) â€Å"A single financial approach intermingling in swelling rates. Given the ECB prevails with regards to staying autonomous from momentary political control, this is probably going to bring about a lower normal expansion rate in the eurozone countries†. In this manner, the single cash helps lower swelling rate in eurozone. Cancel the market hindrance is another bit of leeway in eurozone. Abolishment of exchange boundary assists with boosting benefit and increment advertise size. In eurozone, there is no market hindrance among the individuals and they can without much of a stretch market their item in eurozone. Hindrance of Single Currency The European Union carries part of favorable position to individuals. Some are contend that it likewise brings a few burdens. At the point when euro present, EMU individuals need to put away gigantic measure of cash to change finance, pricelist, database, programming, etc. It is a venture cost, which emerges because of lunch euro. Past coins and banks note expelled from the market, cost of past coins and notes additionally remember for venture cost. A portion of the nations change their exchange patters due to present euro. In the event that the nation acknowledged euro as a solitary cash, at that point the nation can't acknowledge separate national money related strategy. Just European Central Bank can direct financial arrangement in Europe. A large portion of the individuals pay attention to the issue that we lose our freedom in arrangement making. As indicated by Solman and Sutcliffe (2004, p. 43) â€Å"Another issue for individuals from a solitary cash happens in changing in accordance with a stun when that stun influences individuals to various degrees. These are known as deviated shocks†. In the event of awry stuns no European nations reserve no privilege to use national money related arrangement overview, they should attempt to discover a nother choice for battling against hilter kilter stuns. Single money additionally impact in country’s independency. Nearby government confronted issue when they lose the independency. Single cash expanded the lost of human capital, since capital moved unreservedly in eurozone. Talented worked and authority will attempt to search for better occupations and wages in different nations. It implies that talented full worked move to east to west to take favorable circumstances of higher advantages and wages. Financial favorable circumstances for UK to take an interest in the single money: It is become a major issue whether Britain join or not participate in Euro. Each choice has some preferred position and burden. Joining Britain in single money has some financial bit of leeway and weakness. Country’s individuals and legislature of Britain are gathering data to make their brain about passage in to the single money zone. Increment pay and living of Standard: In 1956, France and Germany had overwhelmed of Britain position in living of standard, since France and Germany chose to join European normal market. At that point in 1973, Britain participated in ECM and halted their declining circumstance. European nations are making a unified market by the assistance of single cash. These single monetary forms help European nations to build their salary and living of standard. On the off chance that Britain not goes along with, they fall behind. Issues in Exchange rate: before dining euro, Germany confronted conversion standard hazard on the off chance that they sold their items in Britain, Italy or any European nations. In the wake of eating euro, they have no hazard since they (European nations) utilized euro as a solitary money yet Britain despite everything have a similar hazard. Taking out conversion scale changes and increment the value straightforwardness then we can decrease the speculation hazard and

Japan's Culture vs. United State's Culture Research Paper

Japan's Culture versus Joined State's Culture - Research Paper Example In contrasting the way of life of Japan and the United States, plainly the distinctions accommodate totally different results in relationship to economy and achievement. The focal government is associated with the achievement of their educational systems. Educational systems are the equivalent all through the country with moves starting with one locale then onto the next implying that a youngster won't be in an alternate condition of instructive headway in one spot contrasted with another. Value is accomplished through the unified control of the instruction framework. Networks are not liable for characterizing their own training framework, but instead there is a high caliber of normalization that exists however out the nation (Berger, 2009). Kids spend longer days, longer weeks which incorporate Saturdays, and a more drawn out time of the year in school. Educational systems are just closed down for one month out of the year. Three fourths of the youngsters go to supplemental state funded school which is called juko (Berger, 2009). Japanese youngsters routinely score higher on science and arithmetic tests. One analysis, be that as it may, is that so much time is spent on repetition discovering that idea of meta-subjective aptitudes are not too evolved. Learning discipline through retention is accentuated while thinking aptitudes are not completely evolved to the limit that could be accomplished. In 2002, the Japanese government caused changes so as to make increasingly loosened up learning so as to boost controlled educational plan at 30% with the remainder of the educational program being given to showing kids how to think (Berger, 2009). Family life in Japan, hence, depends on the significance of the gathering dynamic. Georges (2009) shows that the perfect family relationship is one in which â€Å"a sentiment of oneness† exists to the point that the individuals from the family comprehend each other without talking about anything. Differentiating to American thoughts of young life, when surveyed on how much adolescents accepted that their family

How to Collaborate with and Influence People Using the SCARF Model

How to Collaborate with and Influence People Using the SCARF Model WHAT IS THE SCARF MODEL?Before we start looking deeper into how the SCARF model can be used for collaborating and influencing people, it’s a helpful to look at some of the basics of the theory.The SCARF model of behavior is a relatively new theory, having first been published in 2008 by David Rock. The word SCARF is an acronym, which stands for:Status â€" the relative importance to others.Certainty â€" the ability to predict future.Autonomy â€" the sense of control over events.Relatedness â€" the sense of safety with others.Fairness â€" the perception of fair exchanges.The basic premise of the SCARF model is the assumption the brain makes us behave in certain ways, which are to minimize threats and maximize rewards. While the brain takes a threat and reward approach to primary needs, such as food and water, the theory argues this same also happens with social needs.In essence, a positive emotion or reward creates a stimulus making people act, whereas a negative emotion or punishmen t causes a threat stimulus, which leads to avoidance.The aim of the SCARF model is therefore interaction with people in a way that minimizes the threats and maximizes the rewards in relation to the five key areas mentioned above. Understanding of the approach-avoid response can help improve collaborations and help influence the way people behave.Read the scientific paper related to the SCARF model.Let Arthur teach you on how the brain works. THE APPROACH-AVOID RESPONSEThe theory doesn’t simply base its findings on assumptions on human behavior, but it uses brain imaging to highlight its conclusions. Several studies on the brain have shown how the human brain is focused on minimizing danger and maximizing reward. This refers to the approach-avoid response.The approach-avoid response developed as an evolutionary response and has largely helped humans to stay alive. The most commonly used example is how the memory of foraging disgusting tasting food (poisonous) resulted in humans avo iding it. On the other hand, tastier berries, which left humans feeling good, were eaten regularly.But it isn’t only the primary needs of food and water, which are impacted by this approach. Brain scanning has shown the human brain is socially tuned and social threats and rewards drive our behavior. In fact, a study by the University of Michigan Medical School highlighted how social pain, such as rejection from a group, causes the same regions of the brain to light up as would in the event of physical pain.Matthew Lieberman, from UCLA, stated in a Strategy+Business interview, “Most processes operating in the background when your brain is at rest are involved in thinking about other people and yourself.”It is the limbic system, which plays an important role in the approach-avoid response. All the stimulus to the brain goes through the different parts of the brain. It first goes to the primary part of the brain before travelling to the more advanced areas (neo-cortex). The prima ry part or the so-called reptilian brain is more tuned to dealing with threats, as these can’t involve much analysis. When a lion was hunting you down in the savannah, you didn’t have time to start analyzing the best route; you simply ran.Learn more about how the brain works.[slideshare id=33427523doc=howyourbrainworks-140411172547-phpapp02w=710h=400]This means a number of stimuli to the brain don’t get far enough the limbic system for the person to generate an analytical response. In fact, the part of the limbic system, which is tuned into threats, the amygdala, creates the first emotional reaction. This often results in highly emotional response to situations the person perceives as a threat.Studies (cited in Arthurs paper) have highlighted that the limbic system processes stimuli before conscious awareness. This means the reactions are automatic and quick; in essence, reflexes.All of the above means the approach a person unconsciously goes for can have a big impact on perfo rmance and behavior. The approach-avoid response has implications across social life, since we only need to unconsciously perceive a threat to respond with a negative emotion.Furthermore, this impacts the work situation as well, which is why the SCARF model can help managers achieve the best results.As we’ll explain below, the SCARF model can help control the approach-avoid response and improve collaboration by reducing the threat and increasing the reward reaction.Here’s a short video of David Rock explaining the SCARF model: HOW TO MANAGE THREATS AND REWARDS WITH SCARFLet’s now look at the five different SCARF domains: status, certainty, autonomy, relatedness, and fairness.Each of these domains can be used to enhance collaboration and to influence people’s behavior. The five domains are the crucial parts behind the approach-avoid response in the brain when it comes to social situations.We’ll look at each domain separately and identify the ways it is possible to reduce th e threat reaction and create a reward response instead. This can be applied to a management situation at work or in other professional circumstance.StatusStatus relates to the individual’s sense of worth. We all have internal status structures created, which help us model the workplace in social and organizational context. In fact, status is among the key drivers when it comes to workplace behavior.The perception of a threat or the actual reduction in status tends to generate a strong threat reaction. It’s therefore an important domain to understand when it comes to influencing people’s behavior.Reducing threatSince threat to a person’s status causes such as a strong negative reaction, the threat can be felt even when no real danger to the status is present. Everyday conversations can be turned into a measurement of status, as people try to ensure they are not perceived as any less valued than others.This means things such as performance feedback can cause an avoid-response. Talking about feedback (not even the act of giving it, but talking about it) can create a feeling that perceived social status is at risk, which causes the negative behavior.Therefore, reducing the sense of loss of status is essential. For example, instead of providing feedback, allow the person to give feedback on themselves or the project.Increasing rewardOn the other hand, using status and gains in it as a reward, you can receive a positive approach-response. In organizations, this kind of rewarding approach often comes in the form of promotions.But the focus of increasing reward in status shouldn’t be on the artificial reward structures, such as promotions or increases in status. The aim is to promote learning, as well as improvement and rewarding this behavior within a team. A positive feedback, such as that, would increase the feeling of status, but wouldn’t end up removing status from other people in the group.CertaintyCertainty is another important domain, as it provide s security to people. Operating in familiar and certain circumstances frees more resources in the brain for the work.If the surroundings are uncertain, then the person’s brain activity increases and creates a stress response. This can, in essence, hinder the ability to make effective and balanced decisions.In a work environment, it is crucial to ensure clarity and certainty prevail. This yields better results and guarantees the approach-response takes over.Managing the perception of certainty is critical in change management situations.Avoid those 20 change management mistakes.[slideshare id=14042494doc=top20changemanagementmistaketoavoid-120822125803-phpapp02w=710h=400]Reducing threatSignificant and sudden changes lead to an immediate threat reaction and they should be avoided as much as possible. In a work environment, the focus should be on planning and strategizing in order to reduce uncertainty.Collaboration can be improved by including expectations and desirable outcomes as part of the project management. Discussing and agreeing on objectives beforehand generates certainty and can reduce the stress levels within the group.Furthermore, utilizing similar project management structures each time can be helpful in reducing the avoid-response.Increasing rewardAs mentioned above, setting clear objectives for projects can increase the sense of reward. Things such as outlining the meeting’s agenda beforehand can create certainty and increase the sense of reward.Furthermore, timetables and reassurances are important part of management during uncertain times. If the organization is going through change, it’s important to establish structures, which remain constant to guarantee people feel a sense of clarity and certainty.AutonomyAutonomy is the domain, which creates a sense of control for the person. The less autonomy the person experiences, the more the situation is treated as a threat. On the other hand, the sense of autonomy activates the reward structures of the brain, creating a more stress-free experience.The control of the autonomy domain is especially crucial in corporate life, where micromanagement can often be the norm. Therefore, reducing the threat to autonomy is an important aspect of management.Reducing threatGroup collaboration often creates challenges to autonomy, as hierarchical structures are rather inevitable. Management of groups is needed to ensure objectives are met and some level of micromanagement can guarantee the collaboration is properly organized.But in order to reduce threats, people in collaboration should be provided as much autonomy as possible. This could be achieved through the option of making choices. For example, a person has a bigger sense of autonomy if he or she is presented with a choice to either do option A or B, rather than told to do option C.Furthermore, you can reduce the threat from the loss of autonomy by increasing the reward of status, certainty and relatedness.So, even when autonomy is reduced, reward the person with:Increase perception of status, such as positive feedback.Enhanced levels of certainty by creating rules and objectives that are the same for everyone.Improved relatedness through improved communication and coaching.Increasing rewardThe sense of autonomy is important, even if the actual level of autonomy remains low. The ability to make small decisions, even when they aren’t that significant, can help the person feel a sense of reward and therefore, apply the approach-response.In a work environment, this can mean the ability for the person to decide the timing of a lunch hour, the way they organize their work areas, and the ability to occasionally work from home, for instance.Overall, the easiest way to increase reward is to provide the person with boundaries in which they can operate in, instead of creating a strict set of rules.For example, instead of telling the person they have a lunch hour from 1pm to 2pm and they must not leave the premises, y ou can allow them to choose their own lunch hour between 11am and 3pm.RelatednessSince the human brain is a social machine, the relatedness we feel to other people influences our decision making to a greater extent. We are designed to build groups that rely on mutual trust and work together against uncertainty.Group activity and a higher sense of relatedness influences the production of oxytocin in our brain. This chemical is behind positive emotions and the feeling of trust, and therefore essential for group collaboration.Some facts on Oxytocin and how it helps in building relationships.[slideshare id=38745591doc=oxytocin-140905092139-phpapp02w=710h=400]In order to improve collaboration, it is crucial to focus on rewarding relatedness and creating trustworthy relationships within the group.Reducing threatAs we seek social groups, which generate the feeling of trust and mutual understanding, co-operating with people out of this usual peer group can create a threat reaction. Therefor e, the introduction of new members to a team shouldn’t be taken lightly. It’s important to properly introduce new members and spend enough time creating the connection through group activities.In addition, if collaboration happens through long-distance project, the focus on relatedness should be at the core of group operations. This is down to the lack of social time and cohesion in long-distance collaboration, since interaction is much rarer and focused on the work-related objectives.Threat in these situations can be reduced by enhancing the social interaction. Video conferences instead of non-video calls will help establish a closer connection, as it creates the visual impact between team members. There should also be emphasis on sharing personal stories through networking on social media and outside of the work environment.The so-called “water cooler” conversations are an important part of reducing threat and enhancing a sense of relatedness.Increasing rewardA great way t o increase the sense of reward is through the creation of closer social connections. Mentoring and coaching programs are perfect for ensuring new members of the team are welcome, as well as establishing a sense of trust within a collaborative team.Furthermore, small groups tend to be better for generating approach-responses than larger groups. Therefore, it might be beneficial to divide larger teams into smaller groups. Nonetheless, in these situations it is essential to avoid creating the “them vs. us” narrative. Social events outside of work are necessary for improved relatedness across the organization.FairnessFinally, the last domain in the SCARF model deals with fairness. When a person thinks something is unfair, the brain automatically reacts with the avoid-response and goes into a defensive stance. People don’t relate to or empathize with people who they think are acting unfairly, even if the person is in pain.On the other hand, when someone either removes unfairness or sees another person act in order to prevent unfairness, the reward structures of the brain are turned on.Reducing threatUnfairness can be created rather easily in the work environment, but its removal can be difficult. Operational structures can be perceived unfair and changing them is often a slow process.For example, financial rewards might differ across the organization (consider gender wage gap as an example) or the operational rules between departments might differ. The threat response can be switched on when a person feels not everyone in the team or the organization is putting in the same kind of effort as they are.One of the easiest ways to reduce threat response is by introducing greater transparency. People are less likely to experience unfairness, if they understand the processes. This means teams must have rules and guidelines, which are clearly outlined for everyone.Furthermore, in organizations it is important to not only talk about corporate values, but also showcase them in action. This includes doing voluntary work, highlighting transparency in financial rewards such as bonuses and having a procedure for punishing un-accepted behavior.Increasing rewardIt’s also possible to increase the reward response by improving the sense of fairness. Fairness and autonomy can often go hand in hand. Therefore, self-management is a good way of enhancing fairness, as the rules come from within and not from the outside.In a collaborative situation, it can be beneficial for the team to establish the rules together. This removes the feeling of having been told what to do and feeling of other people benefitting more from the rules, for example.If you want to improve fairness, you should consider small adjustments to the systems, which are deemed unfair. For instance, slight salary adjustments can help instill a sense of fairness within a group. The key is to ensure there’s a perception of fairness, even if the situation isn’t 100% fair.Add-on: This is prese ntation shows how you can apply the SCARF model to stakeholder management.[slideshare id=32766752doc=scarfaugmentedstakeholderanalysisslidesharepresentation-140326104610-phpapp01w=710h=400]FINAL WORDS In today’s interconnected world the ability to collaborate with other people is an increasingly important part of workplace communication.In order to understand how to better manage bigger groups and improve co-operation, it’s important to comprehend what drives social behavior. © pixabay | StockSnapIn this guide, we’ll examine one model explaining this behavior, called the SCARF model. Will explain the basics behind the theory, the way it explains the approach and avoid responses, and how you can use it to decrease the threats and increase the sense of reward when collaborating with others.WHAT IS THE SCARF MODEL?Before we start looking deeper into how the SCARF model can be used for collaborating and influencing people, it’s a helpful to look at some of the basics of the theory.The SCARF model of behavior is a relatively new theory, having first been published in 2008 by David Rock. The word SCARF is an acronym, which stands for:Status â€" the relative importance to others.Certainty â€" the ability to predict future.Autonomy â€" the sense of control over events.Relatedness â€" the sense of safety with others.Fairness â€" the perception of fair exchanges.The basic premise of the SCARF model is the assumption the brain makes us behave in certain ways, w hich are to minimize threats and maximize rewards. While the brain takes a threat and reward approach to primary needs, such as food and water, the theory argues this same also happens with social needs.In essence, a positive emotion or reward creates a stimulus making people act, whereas a negative emotion or punishment causes a threat stimulus, which leads to avoidance.The aim of the SCARF model is therefore interaction with people in a way that minimizes the threats and maximizes the rewards in relation to the five key areas mentioned above. Understanding of the approach-avoid response can help improve collaborations and help influence the way people behave.Read the scientific paper related to the SCARF model.Let Arthur teach you on how the brain works. THE APPROACH-AVOID RESPONSEThe theory doesn’t simply base its findings on assumptions on human behavior, but it uses brain imaging to highlight its conclusions. Several studies on the brain have shown how the human brain is focu sed on minimizing danger and maximizing reward. This refers to the approach-avoid response.The approach-avoid response developed as an evolutionary response and has largely helped humans to stay alive. The most commonly used example is how the memory of foraging disgusting tasting food (poisonous) resulted in humans avoiding it. On the other hand, tastier berries, which left humans feeling good, were eaten regularly.But it isn’t only the primary needs of food and water, which are impacted by this approach. Brain scanning has shown the human brain is socially tuned and social threats and rewards drive our behavior. In fact, a study by the University of Michigan Medical School highlighted how social pain, such as rejection from a group, causes the same regions of the brain to light up as would in the event of physical pain.Matthew Lieberman, from UCLA, stated in a Strategy+Business interview, “Most processes operating in the background when your brain is at rest are involved in th inking about other people and yourself.”It is the limbic system, which plays an important role in the approach-avoid response. All the stimulus to the brain goes through the different parts of the brain. It first goes to the primary part of the brain before travelling to the more advanced areas (neo-cortex). The primary part or the so-called reptilian brain is more tuned to dealing with threats, as these can’t involve much analysis. When a lion was hunting you down in the savannah, you didn’t have time to start analyzing the best route; you simply ran.Learn more about how the brain works.[slideshare id=33427523doc=howyourbrainworks-140411172547-phpapp02w=710h=400]This means a number of stimuli to the brain don’t get far enough the limbic system for the person to generate an analytical response. In fact, the part of the limbic system, which is tuned into threats, the amygdala, creates the first emotional reaction. This often results in highly emotional response to situations the person perceives as a threat.Studies (cited in Arthurs paper) have highlighted that the limbic system processes stimuli before conscious awareness. This means the reactions are automatic and quick; in essence, reflexes.All of the above means the approach a person unconsciously goes for can have a big impact on performance and behavior. The approach-avoid response has implications across social life, since we only need to unconsciously perceive a threat to respond with a negative emotion.Furthermore, this impacts the work situation as well, which is why the SCARF model can help managers achieve the best results.As we’ll explain below, the SCARF model can help control the approach-avoid response and improve collaboration by reducing the threat and increasing the reward reaction.Here’s a short video of David Rock explaining the SCARF model: HOW TO MANAGE THREATS AND REWARDS WITH SCARFLet’s now look at the five different SCARF domains: status, certainty, autonomy, relatedness, and fairness.Each of these domains can be used to enhance collaboration and to influence people’s behavior. The five domains are the crucial parts behind the approach-avoid response in the brain when it comes to social situations.We’ll look at each domain separately and identify the ways it is possible to reduce the threat reaction and create a reward response instead. This can be applied to a management situation at work or in other professional circumstance.StatusStatus relates to the individual’s sense of worth. We all have internal status structures created, which help us model the workplace in social and organizational context. In fact, status is among the key drivers when it comes to workplace behavior.The perception of a threat or the actual reduction in status tends to generate a strong threat reaction. It’s therefore an important domain to understand when it comes to influencing people’s behavior.Reducing threatSince threat to a person’s status causes such as a strong negative reaction, the threat can be felt even when no real danger to the status is present. Everyday conversations can be turned into a measurement of status, as people try to ensure they are not perceived as any less valued than others.This means things such as performance feedback can cause an avoid-response. Talking about feedback (not even the act of giving it, but talking about it) can create a feeling that perceived social status is at risk, which causes the negative behavior.Therefore, reducing the sense of loss of status is essential. For example, instead of providing feedback, allow the person to give feedback on themselves or the project.Increasing rewardOn the other hand, using status and gains in it as a reward, you can receive a positive approach-response. In organizations, this kind of rewarding approach often comes in the form of promotions.But the focus of increasing reward in status shouldn’t be on the artificial reward structures, such as promotions or i ncreases in status. The aim is to promote learning, as well as improvement and rewarding this behavior within a team. A positive feedback, such as that, would increase the feeling of status, but wouldn’t end up removing status from other people in the group.CertaintyCertainty is another important domain, as it provides security to people. Operating in familiar and certain circumstances frees more resources in the brain for the work.If the surroundings are uncertain, then the person’s brain activity increases and creates a stress response. This can, in essence, hinder the ability to make effective and balanced decisions.In a work environment, it is crucial to ensure clarity and certainty prevail. This yields better results and guarantees the approach-response takes over.Managing the perception of certainty is critical in change management situations.Avoid those 20 change management mistakes.[slideshare id=14042494doc=top20changemanagementmistaketoavoid-120822125803-phpapp02w=710h =400]Reducing threatSignificant and sudden changes lead to an immediate threat reaction and they should be avoided as much as possible. In a work environment, the focus should be on planning and strategizing in order to reduce uncertainty.Collaboration can be improved by including expectations and desirable outcomes as part of the project management. Discussing and agreeing on objectives beforehand generates certainty and can reduce the stress levels within the group.Furthermore, utilizing similar project management structures each time can be helpful in reducing the avoid-response.Increasing rewardAs mentioned above, setting clear objectives for projects can increase the sense of reward. Things such as outlining the meeting’s agenda beforehand can create certainty and increase the sense of reward.Furthermore, timetables and reassurances are important part of management during uncertain times. If the organization is going through change, it’s important to establish structures, w hich remain constant to guarantee people feel a sense of clarity and certainty.AutonomyAutonomy is the domain, which creates a sense of control for the person. The less autonomy the person experiences, the more the situation is treated as a threat. On the other hand, the sense of autonomy activates the reward structures of the brain, creating a more stress-free experience.The control of the autonomy domain is especially crucial in corporate life, where micromanagement can often be the norm. Therefore, reducing the threat to autonomy is an important aspect of management.Reducing threatGroup collaboration often creates challenges to autonomy, as hierarchical structures are rather inevitable. Management of groups is needed to ensure objectives are met and some level of micromanagement can guarantee the collaboration is properly organized.But in order to reduce threats, people in collaboration should be provided as much autonomy as possible. This could be achieved through the option of making choices. For example, a person has a bigger sense of autonomy if he or she is presented with a choice to either do option A or B, rather than told to do option C.Furthermore, you can reduce the threat from the loss of autonomy by increasing the reward of status, certainty and relatedness.So, even when autonomy is reduced, reward the person with:Increase perception of status, such as positive feedback.Enhanced levels of certainty by creating rules and objectives that are the same for everyone.Improved relatedness through improved communication and coaching.Increasing rewardThe sense of autonomy is important, even if the actual level of autonomy remains low. The ability to make small decisions, even when they aren’t that significant, can help the person feel a sense of reward and therefore, apply the approach-response.In a work environment, this can mean the ability for the person to decide the timing of a lunch hour, the way they organize their work areas, and the ability to occasionally work from home, for instance.Overall, the easiest way to increase reward is to provide the person with boundaries in which they can operate in, instead of creating a strict set of rules.For example, instead of telling the person they have a lunch hour from 1pm to 2pm and they must not leave the premises, you can allow them to choose their own lunch hour between 11am and 3pm.RelatednessSince the human brain is a social machine, the relatedness we feel to other people influences our decision making to a greater extent. We are designed to build groups that rely on mutual trust and work together against uncertainty.Group activity and a higher sense of relatedness influences the production of oxytocin in our brain. This chemical is behind positive emotions and the feeling of trust, and therefore essential for group collaboration.Some facts on Oxytocin and how it helps in building relationships.[slideshare id=38745591doc=oxytocin-140905092139-phpapp02w=710h=400]In order to i mprove collaboration, it is crucial to focus on rewarding relatedness and creating trustworthy relationships within the group.Reducing threatAs we seek social groups, which generate the feeling of trust and mutual understanding, co-operating with people out of this usual peer group can create a threat reaction. Therefore, the introduction of new members to a team shouldn’t be taken lightly. It’s important to properly introduce new members and spend enough time creating the connection through group activities.In addition, if collaboration happens through long-distance project, the focus on relatedness should be at the core of group operations. This is down to the lack of social time and cohesion in long-distance collaboration, since interaction is much rarer and focused on the work-related objectives.Threat in these situations can be reduced by enhancing the social interaction. Video conferences instead of non-video calls will help establish a closer connection, as it creates the visual impact between team members. There should also be emphasis on sharing personal stories through networking on social media and outside of the work environment.The so-called “water cooler” conversations are an important part of reducing threat and enhancing a sense of relatedness.Increasing rewardA great way to increase the sense of reward is through the creation of closer social connections. Mentoring and coaching programs are perfect for ensuring new members of the team are welcome, as well as establishing a sense of trust within a collaborative team.Furthermore, small groups tend to be better for generating approach-responses than larger groups. Therefore, it might be beneficial to divide larger teams into smaller groups. Nonetheless, in these situations it is essential to avoid creating the “them vs. us” narrative. Social events outside of work are necessary for improved relatedness across the organization.FairnessFinally, the last domain in the SCARF model deals w ith fairness. When a person thinks something is unfair, the brain automatically reacts with the avoid-response and goes into a defensive stance. People don’t relate to or empathize with people who they think are acting unfairly, even if the person is in pain.On the other hand, when someone either removes unfairness or sees another person act in order to prevent unfairness, the reward structures of the brain are turned on.Reducing threatUnfairness can be created rather easily in the work environment, but its removal can be difficult. Operational structures can be perceived unfair and changing them is often a slow process.For example, financial rewards might differ across the organization (consider gender wage gap as an example) or the operational rules between departments might differ. The threat response can be switched on when a person feels not everyone in the team or the organization is putting in the same kind of effort as they are.One of the easiest ways to reduce threat resp onse is by introducing greater transparency. People are less likely to experience unfairness, if they understand the processes. This means teams must have rules and guidelines, which are clearly outlined for everyone.Furthermore, in organizations it is important to not only talk about corporate values, but also showcase them in action. This includes doing voluntary work, highlighting transparency in financial rewards such as bonuses and having a procedure for punishing un-accepted behavior.Increasing rewardIt’s also possible to increase the reward response by improving the sense of fairness. Fairness and autonomy can often go hand in hand. Therefore, self-management is a good way of enhancing fairness, as the rules come from within and not from the outside.In a collaborative situation, it can be beneficial for the team to establish the rules together. This removes the feeling of having been told what to do and feeling of other people benefitting more from the rules, for example.If you want to improve fairness, you should consider small adjustments to the systems, which are deemed unfair. For instance, slight salary adjustments can help instill a sense of fairness within a group. The key is to ensure there’s a perception of fairness, even if the situation isn’t 100% fair.Add-on: This is presentation shows how you can apply the SCARF model to stakeholder management.[slideshare id=32766752doc=scarfaugmentedstakeholderanalysisslidesharepresentation-140326104610-phpapp01w=710h=400]FINAL WORDSThe perceived threats and rewards can influence our behavior in different ways. Since we are social animals, it’s essential to understand how to manage these threats and rewards when we interact with other people.The SCRARF model can help in understanding the human behavior better and it’s a good tool influencing other people. By understanding how we can reduce the perceived threats and instead focus on rewards, it’s possible to improve collaboration in the workplac e.Image credit: pixabay | StockSnap under CC0 Public Domain.

How to Make Writing Easier When You Feel Uninspired

How to Make Writing Easier When You Are Feeling Uninspired? Writing an essay or any other type of academic work is a tough process, especially when you are not feeling very inspired. While there are some useful tips that would guide you how to write academic essays and reports, they usually ignore such an important factor as inspiration. Problems, worries, thoughts, and fears that cross your mind can block your ability to write. If you are connected to the process of writing, there is no need to explain that we all have deadlines and schedules to follow, but sometimes words just do not easily come out. If these issues are familiar to you, worry not because here are some useful tips on how you can find inspiration in simple things. Read some journals/books Reading is a major source of inspiration for many students and academic writers. You can analyse the writing styles of your favourite authors and get inspired by their skills and greatness. Be it science fiction, fantasy, media, or drama, you can always find inspiration and get back into the mood to write. Take a walk Walking can really help you clear your mind and change your thoughts. Taking a walk is never a bad idea as fresh air can stimulate certain areas in your brain and believe us, you will feel re-energised pretty soon. Listen to music For the writer to find inspiration, there is arguably no better way to do that than listening to good music. Just pick up and play the tracks you like, from classical music to modern songs. Listening to music as you walk is even better for your inspiration as you can completely forget about your writing for a while and concentrate on different things. You can also play music in the background while writing to feel relaxed. Watch a movie Just like any other completely unrelated task, watching a movie can be effective in clearing away the barriers that may hold your mind back. While watching a movie, you can get inspired by the beauty of dialogues between the characters, fantastic landscapes, or camera work. Take a nap This tip is the most pleasant one for many of us. While we all know why good sleep is important, very often we find ourselves in a situation when we do not have enough time for a good night’s sleep. By taking a short nap, you can ‘recharge’ your mind and creativity and get back to work again. Get in touch with your friends Meetings with your friends can also inspire you and create the right mood for writing. This can trigger positive emotions such as joy, amusement, gratitude, and inspiration. Meeting with friends can stir up your ideas and energise your writing. If you are struggling to find a suitable topic for your project or have no idea how to start it, you can always search for essay and dissertation help online. You can check our credible essay writing services, and we also provide free samples of academic essays for your inspiration.

Reflection Paper on Shakespeare Class - 1344 Words

REFLECTION PAPER ON SHAKESPEARE CLASS On that faithful day when I was signing up for the Shakespeare class, I literally did not know what I was getting myself into. I had no clue what Shakespeare works are all about, or even reading his play, let alone his sonnet and the iambic pentameter. It took a while to grasp the concept of it and understand the concept in which Shakespeare was writing his poetry. My expectations for the class was not that much. I just told myself let me get this done and finished with. Throughout the course of this semester I have learned a lot. I have become a better writer, at least in my eyes. The different writing assignments were helpful to me, it made me think outside the box. My progression has included me writing essays, research papers, journals and discussing classmates’ response. Going into this English course Taken this course was not an easy journey for me. I have never taken more than four classes in a semester. This semester I was advised to take the remaining of my classes at once instead of coming back and enroll for another semester. I took the challenge which I knew it was not going to be an easy one. Being married, working full time including my field internship which is about 15 hours weekly. So I found myself taken seven classes, three online classes which are Women in Latin America, English and Business Statistic and three regular classes such as Sociology in Politics, HIV in global perspective and Social WorkShow MoreRelatedWhen I Wa s In Middle School, My Ambition Was To Become1330 Words   |  6 Pages When I was in middle school, my ambition was to become a renowned author, like J. K. Rowling. Since that time, my academic focus has changed but my interest in story crafting and written reflection remains a part of my life. Creative fiction is where most of my writing ambitions lie. I enjoy the process of building fictitious world, characters, and scenarios, although, unfortunately, I have not yet found a story I am passionate enough about to turn into a long-term project. In high school and myRead MoreEnglish Reflection924 Words   |  4 PagesIn Mrs.Yu’s class I have acquired multiple tips and tricks to write more appealing essays. To make our essays better, our class has learn daily words to improve our vocabulary skills. In addition to learning new words, our class would create a sentence using the word helps us understand the word better to allow use to use them in our own sentences. Some examples of these words include, irresolute, consecrate, escarpment, monolithic, i ncandescent, and much more. Although our class spend numerousRead MoreThe Tempest By William Shakespeare1351 Words   |  6 PagesShakespeare’s last plays, ‘The Tempest’ explores the direct parallel between the working proletariats and wealthy bourgeois. Therefore the focuses of this paper are the implications of hegemony and class alienation, the commoditization of human subclasses, and the commonalities with â€Å"The Tempest† and Shakespeare’s life. The analysis addresses the role of social class, the social context of work, the beneficiaries of work, and the implementation and championing of social value systems. This has relevance becauseRead MoreEssay about A Feminist Analysis of Othello1741 Words   |  7 PagesOthello  Ã‚   In William Shakespeare’s tragic play Othello there are numerous instances of obvious sexism aimed at the three women in the drama -- Desdemona, Emilia and Bianca – and aimed at womankind generally. Let us delve into this subject in this paper. In the essay â€Å"Wit and Witchcraft: an Approach to Othello† Robert B. Heilman discusses a scene which occurs late in the play and which is sexist: When Othello summons Desdemona and dismisses Emilia, â€Å"Leave procreants alone . . .; / Cough orRead MoreScene Analysis Of The Twelfth Night1351 Words   |  6 Pagessemester I had no clue of what to expect from this course, and reading the syllabus made Shakespeare’s Plays seem complex. I am somewhat familiar with William Shakespeare’s plays stemming from a Shakespeare course that I had taken at Harold Washington (City College of Chicago). My professor (Hader) informed the class that if we were looking to go on to a four-year university as an English major that we will have to take another course, and it will be taught from a different perspective or angle—quite frighteningRead MorePerfect Idealism In Shakespeares Hamlet1631 Words   |  7 Pageswatch over him. At the end, Hamlet succeeds in killing the king but also dies immediately after accomplishing the vengeance. Hamlet fable is debatably Shakespeare s greatest work. It is mentally gripping and morally ambivalent play. He succeeds to bring out various themes as indicated below: 1. Javed, Tabassum. Perfect Idealism in Shakespeare s Prince Hamlet. The Dialogue 8.3 (2013). This article discusses the theme of the impossibility of certainty. This is well depicted as in the case whenRead MoreMy First Memory Of A Writing972 Words   |  4 Pagesan English that engaged me was in freshman year of high school, and every class after that developed me as a writer even further. English one with, Mrs. Kerr, and English two, with Mr. Romeis, were my first real times having a writing class, middle school English is pretty simple compared to these classes. Over the two years I had to do multiple essays on themes of various books. One on Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare, one on Night by Elie Wiesel, and one on Catcher in the Rye by J. D. SalingerRead MoreGreek And Roman Influence On Western Culture1063 Words   |  5 PagesPresident can veto actions from the Congress in the US government. Another characteristic of the Roman Republic apparent in the US government is the practice of electing and appointing officials. The Tribunes were elected amongst the wealthy plebeian class and Consuls were elected annually. Consuls typically were appointed to become part of the Senate after their service as a Consul and served as a Senate for life. However during the Roman Republic, the public was not always informed of the government’sRead MoreYolo1583 Words à ‚  |  7 Pagesdeeper understanding of and appreciation for the value of literature in reflecting simultaneously the distinct cultures of different races and their universal characteristics thereby fostering a sense of solidarity amidst diversity. 10. write a term paper of five pages analyzing one literary text. III. Course Outline Course Objective 6 Learning Outcomes Write a flowchart on the two divisions of literature. Express ones interest in studying literature. Analyze themes identify the significant humanRead More Gender Bias in Othello Essay examples1880 Words   |  8 Pageswomen. Let us delve into this topic in this essay.    Barbara A. Mowat and Paul Werstine comment in the Introduction to Shakespeare: Othello that sexism is a big factor   in the play:    At this point in our civilization the play’s fascination and its horror may be greater than ever before because we have been made so very sensitive to the issues of race, class, and gender that are woven into the texture of Othello. [. . .] The issue of gender is especially noticeable in the final scenes

Death Penalty Of Colorado Springs - 852 Words

Death Penalty June 19, 1975, began a killing spree in Colorado Springs when a soldier from Ft.Carson and his friend who worked on base shot a cook in the head. He only had fifty cents. The next week they stabbed a Fort Carson soldier with a bayonet. On July 1, 1975, they killed Kelsey Grammer’s sister. After raping her, they stabbed her throat and left her out in a trailer park to die. That night they went to Fort Carson and called a cab from a club. That pick up would be Dad’s last. Knowing he was in trouble, Dad called dispatch to ask the distance and the fare to Butts Field, a strange request for a seasoned cabbie on such a small military base. All the fares were thirty five cents except the one to their airport. One of the guys grabbed my dad and slashed his throat from ear to ear, leaving him for dead on the side of the road. They drove the cab through the housing area, across one of its inhabitants front lawns. He had driven a taxi in New York and had his money t aken before, but never harmed. Mom laughed hysterically when she told me that even with witnesses, their attorney argued it was too dark to adequately identify them.The local police investigated Karen’s murder, but my dad’s killing had taken place on a military base, putting the federal agents in charge. The murderers were given the death sentence for Karen and the other murders, so the feds decided not to investigate my dad’s case. Why was my Dad’s murder case thrown in with the others? I always felt theyShow MoreRelatedThe Ineffective Use of Capital Punishment1445 Words   |  6 PagesThe death penalty can be unfair and can cause innocent lives to be took. The death penalty should be abolished because it is an ineffective way of punishment. There are trials that are unjust and many innocent people that have been killed. Putting people to death cost more than sending people to jail for the rest of their lives. Capital punishment doesn’t affect change. Capital Punishment is the legal authorization for killing someone who committed a crime. The first date for which the death penaltyRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?926 Words   |  4 Pagesuse of harder drugs, which was termed the gateway theory and as a result, for the first time marijuana was included along with traditional narcotics. This is when the first round of mandatory minimum sentences for drug crimes were introduced. Penalties for marijuana were again increased in 1956 with the passage of the Narcotic Control Act (Boire, Feeney, 20). In 1976, Robert Randall became the first U.S. citizen approved to receive federal supplies of marijuana as part of the the governmentsRead MoreThe Juvenile Death Penalty: A Case For It1583 Words   |  7 PagesWhen I was a junior in high school, I was arrested and expelled from school. I spent the rest of my high school education jumping between online and alternative school. I went to six different schools between spring of junior year and spring of senior year, trying to find a school that would accept an expelled student but also provide challenging enough classes for me. Once my expulsion was up, I returned to public school and finished out my senior year at Lakewood High School. In May 2013, I graduatedRead MoreCapital Punishment: A Moral and Economic Disaster1619 Words   |  6 PagesCapital Punishment: A Moral and Economic Disaster The average cost for a death penalty case in the United States of America is 2.4 million dollars. Currently, the number of people on death row is 3261. The government, therefore, would have to pay a little over 7.5 billion dollars to execute every single person on death row (â€Å"Death Penalty Statistics†). The United States government can alternatively spend this large sum of money in numerous ways aside from taking people’s lives, such as saving themRead MoreHuman Trafficking And The United States1417 Words   |  6 Pagesand women this is mainly prostitution or pornography whereas men are more likely victims of forced labor as traffickers slaves. Trafficking laws exist at the federal levels. Over half of the states now criminalize human trafficking, though the penalties aren’t as severe at a state level as they are at a federal level. The federal government has taken a firm stance against human trafficking both within the borders and outside them. Human trafficking is a federal crime â€Å"Title 18 of the United StatesRead MoreBiography Of Theodore Bundy Born Theodore1561 Words   |  7 Pages Laura Ann Aime, 17, disappeared after leaving a cafà © just after midnight. Her naked body was found by hikers 9 miles to the northeast in American Fork Canyon on Thanksgiving Day. He was believed to have killed women in Washington, Oregon, Utah, Colorado, and Idaho by this time. Bundy’s first arrest was arrested because he wouldn’t pull over for a Highway Patrol officer. The officer saw that Bundy’s car was missing the passenger seat which raised suspicions. In the car they found a ski mask, a secondRead MoreEmergency Management Challenges Todays Modern Society1445 Words   |  6 Pagesissues of urbanization and hazard exposure, the rising costs of disaster recovery, and low priority of emergency management. Urbanization Urbanization an increase in a population in cities and towns versus rural areas (Dictionary, 2015). Colorado Springs, located within El Paso County, recently has began a slow movement toward urbanization as some local developers hope that the national trend of creating denser, more urban and walkable community and possibly a downtown renaissance (Journal, 2012)Read MoreHate Crimes: Society Reaction to Change Essay1431 Words   |  6 Pagesindividual self-identification as a man or woman does not match up with their physical genetic sex. Yes the bible says â€Å"If a man has sexual relations with a man as one does with a woman, both of them have done what is detestable. They are to be put to death; their blood will be on their own heads.† Leviticus 20:13 NIV. but it also states â€Å"There is only one lawgiver and judge, the one who is able to save and destroy. But you- who are you to judge your neighbor.† James 4:12 NIV. The stories of two differentRead MoreWhy Ut Nor Atm Would Slingshot Me Into A Career Of Law Enforcement1532 Words   |  7 PagesScholarship: It is available to a senior majoring in Criminal Justice who plans to pursue a career in law enforcement. Students must maintain a grade point average of 3.0, there is also the James C. Boswell Scholarship: it may be granted for the fall and spring semesters to deserving undergraduate students in the College of Criminal Justice at Sam Houston State University who have demonstrated financial need and who are seeking to pursue a degree in law enforcement or affiliated Criminal Justice disciplinesRead MoreTheodore : A Serial Killer Who Claimed The Lives Of More Than Twenty Women1984 Words   |  8 Pagestransferred to University of Washington (Rule). This is where he met Stephanie Brooks, his dream girl (Rule). Stephanie was from a wealthy family in California, she was tall and slender with dark hair parted in the middle (Rule). The two began dating in the spring of 1967 (Rule). Stephani e was older than Ted and not as infatuated with him as he was with her; she also felt that Ted was not mature or driven enough for her, so she broke up with him in the summer of 1968 (Rule). He was devastated by the break up

Case Study Essay - 2170 Words

Enron Corporation began as a small natural gas distributor and, over the course of 15 years, grew to become the seventh largest company in the United States. Soon after the federal deregulation of natural gas pipelines in 1985, Enron was born by the merging of Houston Natural Gas and InterNorth, a Nebraska pipeline company. Initially, Enron was merely involved in the distribution of gas, but it later became a market maker in facilitating the buying and selling of futures of natural gas, electricity, broadband, and other products. However, Enron’s continuous growth eventually came to an end as a complicated financial statement, fraud, and multiple scandals sent Enron through a downward spiral to bankruptcy. During the 1980s, several†¦show more content†¦Its method of evaluating employee performance was nicknamed rank and yank by Enron employees. Every 6 months, employees were ranked on a scale of 1–5. Those ranked in the lowest category (1) were immediately yanked (fired) from their position and replaced by new recruits. Surprisingly, during each employee review, management required that at least 15% of all the employees ranked were given a 1 and therefore yanked from their position and income. The employees ranked with a 2 or 3 were also given notice that they were liable to be released in the near future. These ruthless performance reviews created fierce internal competition between fellow employees who faced a strict ultimatum; perform or be replaced. Furthermore, it created a work environment where employees were unable to express opinions or valid concerns for fear of a low ranking score by their superiors. With so much pressure to succeed and maintain its position as the global energy market leader, Enron began to jeopardize its integrity by committing fraud. The SPEs, which originally were used for good business purposes, were now used illegally to hide bad investments, poorly performing assets, and debt; to manipulate cash flows; and eventually, to report more than $1 billion of false income. The following are examples of how specific SPEs were used fraudulently. Chewco: In 1993, Enron and the California Public Employees Retirement SystemShow MoreRelatedCase Studies : A Case Study Approach Essay1157 Words   |  5 PagesA case study is a specific instance that is frequently designed to illustrate a more general principle (Nisbet and Watt, 1984). Hitchock and Hughes (1995) further suggest that the case study approach is particularly valuable when the researcher has little control over evens. Case studies strives to portray ‘what it like’ to be a particular situation, to catch up reality and ‘thick description’ (Geertz, 1973) of participants’ lives experiences of, thoughts about and feelings for a situation. TheyRead MoreCase Study887 Words   |  4 PagesCHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1.1 Reasons choose the case 1.2 The Problems The problems of this case are: 1. How would you characterize Lincoln Electric’s strategy? In this context, what is the nature of Lincoln’s business and upon what bases does this company compete? 2. What are the most important elements of Lincoln’s overall approach to organization and control that help explain why this company is so successful? How well do Lincoln’s organization and control mechanismsRead MoreBusiness Case Study : Business Case Studies997 Words   |  4 PagesWriting Business Case Studies How to Write Business Case Studies The objective of this part of the course is to use your case study to help you solve real company problems and to make the learning more relevant to your experience. The Business Case Study you are being asked to start today will provide information for yourself and the class to permit constructive feedback. You will have to use all of your research, writing and analytical skills to write your Company Case Study. You must give enoughRead MoreCase Study148348 Words   |  594 Pages978-0-273-73552-6 (web) All rights reserved. Permission is hereby given for the material in this publication to be reproduced for OHP transparencies and student handouts, without express permission of the Publishers, for educational purposes only. In all other cases, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without either the prior written permission of the Publishers orRead MoreCase Studies13817 Words   |  56 PagesCASE STUDY #1 A Job Search Dilemma Eric, a second-semester senior, is looking for a job. Anxious about finding work in the worst economy in decades, he sends out scores of resumes for a wide variety of positions. The first call he gets is for a position that doesnt really interest him, but he figures he should be open to every opportunity. He schedules an interview, which he aces. In fact, the recruiter offers Eric the job on the spot. He would like Eric to start as soon as possible. Should EricRead MoreCase Study : The Angel 1089 Words   |  5 Pages Case Study #1 The Angel, 1997 Susan Meeks, an alias, woke to what she thought was the middle of the afternoon. A bright yellowish light was shining through the west window of her travel trailer. An other world being was in the room and was as tall as the ceiling of the trailer. She went to the bathroom where she washed her face with cold water and stayed in there long enough to smoke a cigarette. When she went back to the bedroom the being was still there. 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The company was headquartered in Minneapolis, however they were organized with four, somewhat independent, national units in Europe and Japan, each run by aRead MoreLaw of Case Studies1514 Words   |  7 PagesZulfatah Arif SCM-019741 Work Psychology in Communication, Writing and Reporting COM 2153 Mr Haji Adenan Case Studies An Unmotivated Building Inspector Case Study By: Zulfatah Arif 1) Review the motivation theories discussed in this chapter. How would each one describe and explain the problems with Simon Lucas’s motivation? The theories that would be relevant to the problems with Simon Lucas’ motivation would be the McClelland’s Need Theory and Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory.Read MoreCase Study Essay1116 Words   |  5 PagesCase Study Objective The Case will focus on issues related to the cultural aspect of international business; sustainable business practices including CSR issues; foreign investment; and the benefits of regional integration for the countries within, and companies doing business in, that region.   The case study analysis will be completed on an individual basis. Instructions THE CASE: Kaizer Consulting Kaizer Consulting is an international management consulting firm that specializes in business strategy

Cleopatra s Reign As The Last Queen Of Egypt - 1462 Words

Cleopatra VII was one of, if not the most powerful and famous women in ancient history. She was a queen, a goddess, a skilled diplomat and a negotiator, who played a serious role in reforming Egypt and how women were viewed in the ancient world. She was an incredibly clever woman from a young age, becoming queen at the youthful age at eighteen. Cleopatra also made huge contributions to politics in Egypt, through her skills in language and consequently of her hundreds of followers and supporters. She was able to even entice some of the most important people in history, such as Mark Antony and Julius Caesar, and had relationships with other Roman rulers such as Emperor Augustus. Her name was very well known in the ancient world as a beautiful and skilled lady, and still is to this day. For these reasons, Cleopatra’s reign as the last queen of Egypt was unlike any other ruler of the ancient world, and her contributions and legacy have left a lasting effect on the world, as we kno w it. Cleopatra VII was the last ruler of the Ptolemaic dynasty, ruling Egypt from 51 BC - 30 BC. She was born in the Egyptian capital city of Alexandria in about 70 BCE, into the royal family that had ruled Egypt for nearly 300 years. She was the daughter of King Ptolemy XII of Egypt. Cleopatra was a woman remembered for her beauty and her relationships and love affairs with two very important warlords, Julius Caesar and Mark Antony. When her father Ptolemy XII died in 51 BCE, Cleopatra became rulerShow MoreRelatedCleopatra And Nefertiti : The King Of Egypt1051 Words   |  5 PagesWhen thinking of ancient civilizations, Egypt comes to mind. Cleopatra and Nefertiti are two of the most recognizable names in all of human history. One was at the forefront of a religious revolution, the other took on the Roman Empire. Through a comparison, we discover that Cleopatra had more of a historical impact because her actions led to the end of Egypt’s autonomy. 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Alzheimers Disease for Dementia with Lewy Bodies - myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theAlzheimers Disease for Dementia with Lewy Bodies. Answer: Introduction: Alzheimer's disease is a progressive disease which destroys the memory and the other significant function of the brain. In the initial stage individuals with the Alzheimer's disease, observes the mild bewilderment and difficulty in the identification (Albert, 2003). Finally, people suffering from the disease may even fail to remember significant persons in their lives and with this also undergo theatrical character changes. This disease was first of all described in the year 1906 by a German neuropathologywhose name was Alois Alzheimer (Price, 2003). Further, by the early 21st century, it was predictable as the larger ordinary form ofdementiain among the older people. An approximate of 47.5 million persons international were breathing with dementia in the year 2016; that stature was ordinary to augment to 75.6 million by the year 2030 (Price, 2003). The cause of the Alzheimer's Disease among the individuals is the collection of brain disorder which causes the slaughter of social skills and intellectual skills. In Alzheimer's ailment, the brain cells deteriorate and pass away, causing the balanced decline in reminiscence and mental role (Price, 2003). Thediseaseis categorized by the annihilation of nerve connections and the nerve cells in thecerebralcortex of the mind and by an important thrashing of brain acummulation (Mrak, 2009). Current Alzheimer's illness management and medication strategies may for the time being improves symptoms(Albert, 2003). Pathological features of Alzheimer's disease The AD is considered disgustingly by progressive gliosis and atrophy, primary of the mesial temporal lobe and hippocampus, believed by erstwhile alliance cortices (parietal and frontal lobes), and at length by main sensory or motor cortex (DeCarli, 2007). AD is categorized diagnostically by two histology conclusions: (1) extracellular Aamorphus Eosinophilic deposit of the amyloid, which has A peptides (it basically is the cleavage manufactured goods of APP), that are considered to as the amyloid plaque and (2) intraneuronal aggregate of the unusually customized microtubule concerned protein tau (DeCarli, 2007). TAU. Neurofibrillary deterioration is categorized by the authentication in the neuronal corpse plus process of inexplicable polymers ofthe extra-phosphorylated microtubule connected protein tau. Tau aggregate as a pair of the filament which is warped around each other (harmonizing helical filament) (DeCarli, 2007). These deposits get in the way with the cellular function by displacing of the organelles. They damage the axonal convey with the distorting of the acute spacing of the microtubules, consequently upsetting the nourishment of the axon dendrites and terminals. No mutation of tau gene happens in the AD (DeCarli, 2007). Uncharacteristic tau primarily appears in the entorhinal cortex, after that in the hippocampus, and at later stages in association cortex (Mrak, 2009). Recent observations in the transgenic pests recommend that the extend of the anatomically of the pathology linked area occur by a passage of the abnormal tau from corner to corner of the synapses (Clough et.al, 2 015) Together neurofibrillary tangles and the amyloid plaques are willingly recognized using silver discoloration techniques like the Gallyas or Bielschowsky. Amyloid plaques are from time to time referred to as the senile plaques in the ancient literature as of their extensive organization with dementia. Amyloid and plaque with a confirmation of the scratched neuronal process is known as the neurotic plaques (Clough et.al, 2015). Accumulating confirmation suggests that it is concerned with the acute aetiology of the AD, even though the method has not been completely elucidated. The Amyloid angiopathy is yet additional pathologic judgment in the AD range, in which the A accumulate in the medium of the minute arteries. The Amyloid angiopathy very easily can be recognized by means of stain for the Amyloidal protein (thioflavin-S, Congo red), or the immunohisto element staining adjacent to the A. Even though amyloid angiopathy has been associated to the lobar haemorrhages, this basically is not at all a firm predictor of the cognitive position. Alzheimers demonstration enhanced the hippocampal among the comprehensive brain atrophy, but the appropriate levels of the contraction have not at all been standardized and quantified.The ever growing evidence suggests that as the age advances, dementia which "looks exactly like the" Alzheimers is usually likely as per the combination of the Alzheimer's pathologies as well as so many other kinds of the pathologies called as the "mixed dementia. The characteristic neuropath logical cryptogram of he Alzheimers illness is the neurofibrillary tangles and the amyloid plaques. Plaques mainly consist of the high value protein portion beta-amyloid. This portion is bent from a "parent" particle which is known as the amyloid forerunner protein.Tangles have in it the tau, which is a kind of protein that is involved in the maintenance of the inner structure of the neuron system cells. While tau is in general customized by phosphorylation, or the addition of the phosphate acute molecules, disproportionate phosphorylation appears to put in the intertwine configuration and to prevent the protein on or after haulage out of its standard functions. Oxidative strain, or injury to the cellular structure poisonous oxygen molecules known as the complimentary radicals, is also considered as a pathological attribute of the Alzheimers individuals with Alzheimers characteristically practice brain tenderness. Many of the old long-suffering with the Alzheimers demonstrate signs of cerebro vascular illness in total to the "classic" Alzheimer's neuron pathology The clinical description which occurs as an effect of the pathological changes: Abnormalinsulin,which is signalled in the mind, has been connected with the Alzheimer disease. Under standard circumstances, insulin bind to the insulin receptors, that are articulated in the great statistics on the comprehensive membranes of the neurons, tomake easythe neuronal intake ofthe glucose, that the brain is dependent on to continue out its numerous tasks (Boxer Miller, 2005). On the other side, the patients suffering from the Alzheimer diseases have very fewer neurons in their brain power, the receptors of the insulin, as a result, are dead set against the insulin performance (Boxer Miller, 2005). As an outcome of insulin compatibility in connecting with the neurons, it starts accumulating in the serum of the blood, which leads to the accumulation of the conditions which are known as the hyperinsulinemia; hyperinsulinemia is known as the abnormally high level of the insulin serum (Boxer Miller, 2005). Hyperinsulinemia in the head is suspected for stimulating the inflammations which result in stimulating the configuration of the neuritic plaques (Boxer Miller, 2005). The signal of the abnormal insulin in the mind is associated along with the death and dysfunction of the nerve cells, decrease in the levels of the acetylcholine and with this low in the levels of the transthyreti, this is the protein which normally helps to bind and transportation of the protein named amyloid-beta for the brain (Boxer Miller, 2005). The existence of the neurofibrillary tangles and neuritic plaques in the mind helps in the to detect the disease Alzheimer in the autopsy. The Neuritic plaques are also known as the senile, amyloid plaques or the dendritic that consists of the weakening of the neuronal material that surrounds the deposit of certain sticky protein, which is known as the amyloid beta or also known as beta-amyloid (Jellinger, 2008). Beta-amyloid protein is in turn obtained from the bigger molecules known as the amyloid precursor protein, which is the standard component of the nerve cells (Jellinger, 2008). Neurofibrillary tangle is the warped fibres of protein that are situated inside the nerve cells. Such fibres include the protein, known as the tau, which is usually present in the neurons. A time when the protein is processed incorrectly, the molecules tau are clumped together and results into the tangles (Jellinger, 2008). The neurofibrillary tangles and the neuritic plaques, which are present in the brain of the healthier elderly individual in the lesser quantity and is believed in interfering the one or the other way in the functioning of the normal cell (Jellinger, 2008). On the other hand, it is not recognized whether the tangles and plaques are the cause or the outcome of the disease. In animals, the research suggested that the amyloid-beta plaques are formed as expected in the mind in reply to infection, ration to entrap the microorganisms. Conclusion: The traditional neuropathy logical lesion together with neurofibrillary tangles and senile amyloid plaques defines Alzheimers illness, but they probable symbolize the tip of the iceberg of the pathological alteration that source the cognitive turn down connected with Alzheimers illness (Malkki, 2013). Certainly, the expansion of new biomarkers and imaging apparatus has ended with evident that such neuropathy logical stigmata of Alzheimers illness begin to mount up a decade or further previous to a scientific diagnosis of dementia (Malkki, 2013). Neuronal loss, plasticity changes, synaptic loss and the attendance of soluble minute oligomeric form of A and also of tau, is probable in contributing to the progressive failure of the neural system which is occurring from the decades (Malkki, 2013). The consideration of the disease natural history is significant to intend primary or secondary avoidance strategies to stop the progress of the disease succession before the harming the neural s ystem become irreparable. References Albert, M. (2003). Detection of Very Early Alzheimer Disease Through Neuroimaging.Alzheimer Disease Associated Disorders,17(Sup 2), S63-S65. https://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00002093-200304002-00010 Boxer, A., Miller, B. (2005). Clinical Features of Frontotemporal Dementia.Alzheimer Disease Associated Disorders,19(Supplement 1), S3-S6. https://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.wad.0000183086.99691.91 Clough, Z., Jeyapaul, P., Zotova, E., Holmes, C. (2015). Proinflammatory Cytokines and the Clinical Features of Dementia With Lewy Bodies.Alzheimer Disease Associated Disorders,29(1), 97-99. https://dx.doi.org/10.1097/wad.0b013e3182969905 DeCarli, C. (2007). Alzheimer Disease and Associated Disorders: New Directions.Alzheimer Disease Associated Disorders,21(4), 269-270. https://dx.doi.org/10.1097/wad.0b013e31815958eb Jellinger, K. (2008). Neuropathological Aspects of Alzheimer Disease, Parkinson Disease, and Frontotemporal Dementia.Neurodegenerative Diseases,5(3-4), 118-121. https://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000113679 Malkki, H. (2013). Alzheimer disease: Sleep alleviates AD-related neuropathological processes.Nature Reviews Neurology,9(12), 657-657. https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrneurol.2013.230 Mrak, R. (2009). Alzheimer-type neuropathological changes in morbidly obese elderly individuals.Clinical Neuropathology,28(01), 40-45. https://dx.doi.org/10.5414/npp28040 Price, J. (2003). Aging, Preclinical Alzheimer Disease, and Early Detection.Alzheimer Disease Associated Disorders,17(Sup 2), S60-S62. https://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00002093-200304002-00009

Pathophysiology Associated With Disorder Symptoms †Free Samples

Question: Discuss About The Pathophysiology Associated Disorder Symptoms? Answer: Introducation The patient is suffering form mild and moderate levels of Alzheimers diseases. He is having memory loss and confusion. He is also having issues with recognition of family members and friends and had withdrawn him socially. He is also suffering from depression and therefore he is having a very low quality life. Alzheimers disease mainly affects three important aspects that are helpful in keeping the neuron healthy (Da Mesquito et al., 2016). They are the communication, metabolism as well as the repairs. There are many researchers who have stated that these disorders mainly arise when the important nerve cells of the brain stop working along with the losing of connections with other nerve cells ultimately resulting in death. It the destruction as well as the death of the mentioned nerve cells which become mainly responsible for the cause of memory failure, personality changes as well as problems in leading the daily activities of life (Wood et al., 2015). Researchers are of the opinion that the development of senile plaques precedes the onset of the disorder. Also the formation of neurofibrillar tangles, neuron loss and also synapse loss take place in association of the main progression of cognitive decline. In normal cases, the protein called tau which is responsible in binding with the microtubules of healthy neurons is responsible for stabilising the nerves. In case of the disorder, these tau proteins chemically change and thereby pairs with other threads of tau forming different tangles. These lead to formation of neurofibrillary tangles that affect the communication in between the neurons. These ultimately cause cell death (Kumar Singh, 2015). Also senile plaques which are also called the beta-amyloidal plaques and cerebro-cortical atrophy at the macroscopic level are also responsible for the sufferings of the patients. In case of Alzheimers patients plaques are mainly developed in the hippocampus which is a structure deep in the brain. This part is mainly responsible in encoding memories. Plaques also appear in other areas of cerebral cortex which mainly help an individual in thinking and also in decision making. Therefore it is seen in the case study, that the individual is suffering from memory loss symptoms largely. Tangles are also insoluble twisted fibres that build up inside the nerve cells that hamper the memory system of patients. A large number of studies have suggested that development of depression and also social withdrawal increases the chance of getting affected by dementia and Alzheimers diseases by many folds. Investigations which have been done by researchers show that depression is intricately linked with Alzheimers, the exact biological background is still under controversy but evidences available suggest that depressed people always produce hormone cortisol in high levels. This has negative effect on the part of the brain responsible for new learning as well as short term memory which is the hippocampus (Abolhassani et al., 2017). People like the patient in the case study who are depressed have higher level of cortisol that mainly is hormone related with stress response and also has a smaller hippocampus. Many others suggest that depression causes chronic inflammatory changes which dispose depressed patients to neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimers disorder. As his own property was getting g divides, it might have lead him to depression and social withdrawal which h had caused him to suffer form Alzheimers as well. Pharmacologic management: The professional should keep in mind that Alzheimers diseases is a progressive diseases where the patient will continue to decline in function whether they are rerated or are kept without treatment. Therefore, pharmacologic management would be such that it would help to preserve and facilitate the remaining function of the synapse and allowing a higher level of function for a longer time rather than making goals of stopping the neuronal loss (Carbera et al., 2015). The later is simply not logical and will not bring any fruitful results. Slowing the decline will be beneficial for the patients and although the management would not fully cure him of the disorder but will help to slow down the process of degradation. One of the best treatment paradigms would be to avail for the cholinergic benefits. If the loss of acetylcholine is the main reason that results in defect of the primary neurotransmitter, then increment in its production and at the same time inhibiting destruction and also activating the receptors provide a beneficial therapy for slowing the decline (Wang et al., 2014). ACH breaks down in the synaptic junctions by acetylcholinesterase. By this breakdown prevention , medicines of this enzyme group can prevent destruction of ACH. Donepezil, rivastigimine and galantamine are important acetyl cholinesterase inhibitors who work in the same patterns. They have low incidence of serous reactions but they show various cholinergic side effects. These include anorexia, vomiting, nausea, and diarrhoea; however the patient develops tolerance to them over time. They help in improvement of cognition, global impressions, functions, disturbed behaviours and others. Instruments that measure the cognit ion power are the Mini-Mental State Examination, Alzheimer's disease Assessment Scale, Cognitive Section, Neuropsychiatric Inventory, Physical Self-Maintenance Scale and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living1 and others are also used (Varcolis et al. 2016). Vitamin E is also believed to mitigate the inflammatory response of the plaque formation in the brain. Memantine is a recently approved drug by NMDA antagonist. They basically interfere with the glutaminergic overstimulation causing excite-toxicity. By interfering with that of the excite-toxicity it affects the receptors of NMDA that takes part in memory processing and pathology of the disorder. The drug is found to be very effective in trials conducted by researchers and bring positive results in cognition, function and also in behaviour and global status. Pathology tests have showed that people who suffer from the disorders have microscopic inflammation in their brain and as a result anti-inflammatory agents are found to be useful in such a scenario. These often include diclofenac, rofecoxib, naproxen and also most recently ibuprofen. However, there are not many evidences which suggest the continuance of the medicines as protective agents for Alzheimers disorder. Herbal supplements are also said to be helpful for this disorder when used in conjunction of other prescribed therapies. The most frequent choice includes the use of ginko biloba which mainly act as a flavoglycoside in its pharmacologic effect. This mainly acts a s potent free radical scavenger and function as antioxidant. References: Abolhassani, N., Leon, J., Sheng, Z., Oka, S., Hamasaki, H., Iwaki, T., Nakabeppu, Y. (2017). Molecular pathophysiology of impaired glucose metabolism, mitochondrial dysfunction, and oxidative DNA damage in Alzheimer's disease brain.Mechanisms of ageing and development,161, 95-104. Cabrera, E., Sutcliffe, C., Verbeek, H., Saks, K., Soto-Martin, M., Meyer, G., ... RightTimePlaceCare Consortium. (2015). Non-pharmacological interventions as a best practice strategy in people with dementia living in nursing homes. A systematic review.European Geriatric Medicine,6(2), 134-150. Constantin, G. (2016). ROLE OF PERIPHERAL INFLAMMATION IN COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT AND ALZHEIMERS DISEASE.Alzheimer's Dementia: The Journal of the Alzheimer's Association,12(7), P221. D Mesquita, S., Ferreira, A. C., Sousa, J. C., Correia-Neves, M., Sousa, N., Marques, F. (2016). Insights on the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease: the crosstalk between amyloid pathology, neuroinflammation and the peripheral immune system.Neuroscience Biobehavioral Reviews,68, 547-562. Kumar, A., Singh, A. (2015). A review on Alzheimer's disease pathophysiology and its management: an update.Pharmacological Reports,67(2), 195-203. Varcarolis, E. M. (2016).Essentials of Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing-E-Book: A Communication Approach to Evidence-Based Care. Elsevier Health Sciences. Wang, J., Yu, J. T., Wang, H. F., Meng, X. F., Wang, C., Tan, C. C., Tan, L. (2014). Pharmacological treatment of neuropsychiatric symptoms in Alzheimer9s disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, jnnp-2014. Wood, P. L., Medicherla, S., Sheikh, N., Terry, B., Phillipps, A., Kaye, J. A., ... Woltjer, R. L. (2015). Targeted lipidomics of fontal cortex and plasma diacylglycerols (DAG) in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimers disease: validation of DAG accumulation early in the pathophysiology of Alzheimers disease.Journal of Alzheimer's Disease,48(2), 537-546.